Mongoli: Yamin Li le Houcheng Liu, joalo-joalo, ba tsoang College of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University

Mohloli oa Sengoloa: Greenhouse Horticulture

Mefuta ea lits'ebeletso tsa temo ea lirapa haholo-holo e kenyelletsa li-greenhouses tsa polasetiki, li-greenhouses tsa letsatsi, li-greenhouses tse ngata, le lifeme tsa limela. Hobane meaho ea meaho e thibela mehloli ea khanya ea tlhaho ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ho na le khanya e sa lekaneng ea ka tlung, e leng eona e fokotsang chai ea lijalo le boleng. Ka hona, lebone la tlatsetso le phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo lijalong tsa boleng bo holimo le tse fanang ka chai e ngata setsing sena, empa hape e fetohile sesosa se seholo sa keketseho ea tšebeliso ea matla le litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso setsing.

Ka nako e telele, mehloli e khanyang ea maiketsetso e sebelisoang tšimong ea setsi sa horticulture haholo-holo e kenyelletsa lebone la sodium la khatello e phahameng, lebone la fluorescent, lebone la tšepe la halogen, lebone la incandescent, joalo-joalo mefokolo e hlahelletseng ke tlhahiso ea mocheso o phahameng, tšebeliso e matla ea matla le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho sebetsa. Nts'etsopele ea mofuta o mocha oa leseli (LED) e etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebelisa mohloli o tlase oa matla a maiketsetso sebakeng sa temo ea limela. LED e na le melemo ea matla a phahameng a ho fetola photoelectric, matla a DC, molumo o monyenyane, bophelo bo bolelele, tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla, bolelele bo tsitsitseng, mahlaseli a tlaase a mocheso le tšireletso ea tikoloho. Ha ho bapisoa le lebone le nang le khatello e phahameng ea sodium le lebone la fluorescent le atisang ho sebelisoa hona joale, LED e ke ke ea fetola feela boholo ba leseli le boleng (karolo ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea leseli) ho ea ka litlhoko tsa kholo ea limela, 'me e ka khantša limela tse haufi haholo ka lebaka. ho khanya ea eona e batang, Ka hona, palo ea likarolo tsa temo le sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea sebaka se ka ntlafatsoa, ​​'me mesebetsi ea ho boloka matla, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea sebaka e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mohloli oa leseli oa setso e ka phethahala.

Ho ipapisitsoe le melemo ena, LED e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka katleho sebakeng sa mabone a horticultural, lipatlisiso tsa mantlha tsa tikoloho e laolehang, setso sa lisele tsa semela, peo ea fektheri ea limela le tikoloho ea tikoloho. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ts'ebetso ea mabone a ho hōla ha LED e ntse e ntlafala, theko ea fokotseha, 'me mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tse nang le maqhubu a itseng a ntse a ntlafatsoa butle-butle, kahoo ts'ebeliso ea eona tšimong ea temo le biology e tla ba e pharaletseng.

Sengoliloeng sena se akaretsa boemo ba lipatlisiso tsa LED lefapheng la temo ea limela, e shebane le ts'ebeliso ea leseli la tlatsetso la LED molemong oa baeloji ea leseli, mabone a LED a holisa mabone a semela, boleng ba phepo le phello ea ho lieha ho tsofala, kaho le ts'ebeliso. ea foromo ea leseli, le ho sekaseka le litebello tsa mathata a hajoale le litebello tsa theknoloji ea mabone a tlatsetso ea LED.

Phello ea leseli la tlatsetso ea LED kholong ea lijalo tsa temo

Litlamorao tsa taolo ea leseli kholong le nts'etsopele ea semela li kenyelletsa ho mela ha peo, ho lelefatsa kutu, ho hola ha lekhasi le metso, phototropism, chlorophyll synthesis le ho bola, le ho kenya lipalesa. Likarolo tsa tikoloho ea mabone setsing li kenyelletsa matla a khanya, potoloho ea leseli le kabo ea spectral. Lintho li ka fetoloa ka tlatsetso ea khanya ea maiketsetso ntle le moeli oa maemo a leholimo.

Hajoale, bonyane ho na le mefuta e meraro ea li-photoreceptor limeleng: phytochrome (e monyang lebone le lefubedu le khanya e khubelu e hole), cryptochrome (ho monya leseli le leputsoa le haufi le khanya ea ultraviolet) le UV-A le UV-B. Tšebeliso ea mohloli o khethehileng oa khanya ea maqhubu a leholimo ho irradiate lijalo e ka ntlafatsa katleho ea limela, ea potlakisa morphogenesis ea leseli, le ho khothaletsa kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela. Leseli le khubelu la lamunu (610 ~ 720 nm) le lebone le boputsoa bo boputsoa (400 ~ 510 nm) li ile tsa sebelisoa ho photosynthesis ea semela. Ho sebelisa theknoloji ea LED, khanya ea monochromatic (e kang khanya e khubelu e nang le tlhōrō ea 660nm, leseli le leputsoa le 450nm peak, joalo-joalo) e ka khantša ho lumellana le sehlopha se matla ka ho fetisisa sa ho monya sa chlorophyll, 'me bophara ba sebaka sa spectral ke ± 20 nm feela.

Hona joale ho lumeloa hore leseli le khubelu-orange le tla potlakisa tsoelo-pele ea limela, ho khothalletsa ho bokella lintho tse omileng, ho thehoa ha bulbs, tubers, bulbs ea makhasi le litho tse ling tsa semela, ho etsa hore limela li thunye le ho beha litholoana pele ho nako, 'me li bapale. karolo e ka sehloohong ntlafatsong ea 'mala oa semela; Leseli le leputsoa le leputsoa le ka laola phototropism ea makhasi a semela, la khothalletsa ho buleha ha stomata le motsamao oa chloroplast, la thibela ho lelefatsa ha kutu, la thibela ho lelefatsa limela, la liehisa ho thunya ha limela, le ho khothalletsa kholo ea litho tsa limela; motsoako oa li-LED tse khubelu le tse putsoa li ka lefella khanya e sa lekaneng ea 'mala o le mong oa mebala e' meli 'me ea theha tlhōrō ea spectral ea ho monya e lumellanang hantle le photosynthesis ea lijalo le morpholoji. Sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea matla a bobebe se ka fihla ho 80% ho isa ho 90%, mme phello ea ho boloka matla e bohlokoa.

Ho hlomelloa ka mabone a tlatsetso ea LED setsing sa temo ea limela ho ka fihlela keketseho e kholo ea tlhahiso. Liphuputso li bonts'itse hore palo ea litholoana, kakaretso le boima ba tamati e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea cherry tlas'a lebone la tlatsetso la 300 μmol/(m²·s) LED strips le LED tubes bakeng sa 12h (8:00-20:00) li bohlokoa haholo. eketseha. Leseli la tlatsetso la lesela la LED le eketsehile ka 42.67%, 66.89% le 16.97% ka ho latellana, 'me leseli la tlatsetso la tube ea LED le eketsehile ka 48.91%, 94.86% le 30.86% ka ho latellana. Lebone la tlatsetso la LED la mabone a ntseng a hola nakong eohle ea kholo [karo-karolelano ea mabone a khubelu le boputsoa ke 3:2, 'me matla a khanya ke 300 μmol/(m²·s)] a ka eketsa boleng ba litholoana le chai haholo. sebakeng se le seng sa chiehwa le eggplant. Chikuquan e eketsehile ka 5.3% le 15.6%, 'me eggplant e eketsehile ka 7.6% le 7.8%. Ka boleng ba khanya ea LED le matla a eona le nako ea nako eohle ea kholo, potoloho ea kholo ea semela e ka khutsufatsoa, ​​lihlahisoa tsa khoebo, boleng ba phepo e nepahetseng le boleng ba morphological ba lihlahisoa tsa temo li ka ntlafatsoa, ​​​​le katleho e phahameng, ho boloka matla le ho boloka matla. tlhahiso e bohlale ea setsi sa horticultural lijalo ka hlokomela.

Tšebeliso ea mabone a tlatsetso ea LED temong ea lipeo tsa meroho

Ho laola morphology ea limela le kholo le nts'etsopele ka mohloli oa leseli la LED ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa tšimong ea temo ea sethopo. Limela tse holimo li khona ho utloa le ho amohela mats'oao a leseli ka litsamaiso tsa photoreceptor tse kang phytochrome, cryptochrome, le photoreceptor, 'me li tsamaise liphetoho tsa morphological ka manqosa a intracellular ho laola lisele le litho tsa semela. Photomorphogenesis e bolela hore limela li itšetlehile ka leseli ho laola karohano ea lisele, liphetoho tsa sebopeho le ts'ebetso, hammoho le sebopeho sa lisele le litho tsa 'mele, ho kenyelletsa le tšusumetso ea ho mela ha lipeo tse ling, ho khothaletsa puso ea apical, ho thibela kholo ea lateral bud, ho lelefatsa ha kutu. , le tropism.

Ho lema lipeo tsa meroho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea temo ea setsi. Meteo e sa khaotseng ea lipula e tla etsa hore ho be le khanya e sa lekaneng setsing, 'me lipeo li sekametse ho lelefatsa, tse tla ama kholo ea meroho, phapang ea lipalesa le nts'etsopele ea litholoana,' me qetellong e ama chai ea bona le boleng. Ha ho etsoa tlhahiso, lilaoli tse ling tsa kholo ea limela, tse kang gibberellin, auxin, paclobutrazol le chlormequat, li sebelisoa ho laola kholo ea lipeo. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso e sa utloahaleng ea ba laolang kholo ea limela e ka silafatsa tikoloho ea meroho le lisebelisoa habonolo, bophelo ba batho bo sa thabise.

Leseli la tlatsetso la LED le na le melemo e mengata e ikhethang ea leseli la tlatsetso, 'me ke mokhoa o ka khonehang oa ho sebelisa lebone la tlatsetso la LED ho holisa lipeo. Tekong ea lebone la tlatsetso ea LED [25±5 μmol/(m²·s)] e entsoeng tlas'a boemo ba leseli le tlaase [0~35 μmol/(m²·s)], ho ile ha fumanoa hore leseli le letala le khothalletsa ho lelefatsa le ho hōla ha likomkomere lipeo. Leseli le khubelu le leseli le leputsoa li thibela kholo ea semela. Ha ho bapisoa le leseli le fokolang la tlhaho, letšoao le matla la lipeo tsa lipeo tse tlatsitsoeng ka leseli le khubelu le le leputsoa le eketsehile ka 151.26% le 237.98%, ka ho latellana. Ha ho bapisoa le boleng ba khanya ea monochromatic, index ea lipeo tse matla tse nang le likarolo tse khubelu le tse putsoa tlas'a phekolo ea khanya ea motsoako oa leseli le eketsehile ka 304.46%.

Ho eketsa khanya e khubelu ho lipeo tsa likomkomere ho ka eketsa palo ea makhasi a 'nete, sebaka sa makhasi, bophahamo ba semela, bophara ba kutu, boleng bo omeletseng le bo bocha, index ea lipeo tse matla, matla a metso, ts'ebetso ea SOD le protheine e qhibilihang ea lipeo tsa likomkomere. Ho tlatselletsa UV-B ho ka eketsa litaba tsa chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b le carotenoids makhasi a sethopo sa likomkomere. Ha ho bapisoa le leseli la tlhaho, ho tlatsetsa leseli le khubelu le le leputsoa la LED ho ka eketsa haholo sebaka sa makhasi, boleng ba taba e omileng le index e matla ea lipeo tsa lipeo tsa tamati. Ho tlatselletsa leseli le khubelu la LED le leseli le letala haholo ho eketsa bolelele le botenya ba lipeo tsa tamati. Kalafo e khanyang ea khanya e tala ea LED e ka eketsa haholo limela tsa likomkomere le lipeo tsa tamati, 'me boima bo bocha le bo omeletseng ba lipeo bo eketseha ka ho eketseha ha leseli le letala le tlatselletsa matla a khanya, ha kutu e teteaneng le index e matla ea sethopo ea tamati. lipeo kaofela li latela leseli le letala la tlatsetso. Keketseho ea matla e eketseha. Motsoako oa khanya ea LED e khubelu le e putsoa e ka eketsa botenya ba kutu, sebaka sa makhasi, boima bo omeletseng ba semela kaofela, karolelano ea metso ho thunya le index e matla ea lipeo tsa eggplant. Ha ho bapisoa le leseli le lesoeu, leseli le lefubelu la LED le ka eketsa biomass ea lipeo tsa k'habeche le ho khothalletsa kholo ea elongation le katoloso ea makhasi a lipeo tsa k'habeche. Leseli le leputsoa la LED le khothalletsa kholo e teteaneng, ho bokellana ha lintho tse omeletseng le index e matla ea lipeo tsa lipeo tsa k'habeche, 'me e etsa hore lipeo tsa k'habeche li fokotsehe. Liphetho tse ka holimo li bontša hore melemo ea lipeo tsa meroho e lengoang ka theknoloji ea taolo ea leseli e totobetse haholo.

Phello ea leseli la tlatsetso la LED boleng ba phepo ea litholoana le meroho

Protheine, tsoekere, organic acid le vithamine tse fumanehang litholoana le meroho ke lisebelisoa tsa phepo tse molemo bophelong ba batho. Boleng bo bobebe bo ka ama litaba tsa VC limela ka ho laola tšebetso ea VC synthesis le enzyme e bolang, mme e ka laola metabolism ea protheine le ho bokellana ha lik'habohaedreite limeleng tsa limela. Leseli le lefubelu le khothalletsa ho bokella lik'habohaedreite, phekolo ea leseli le leputsoa e na le molemo bakeng sa ho thehoa ha protheine, athe ho kopana ha leseli le khubelu le le leputsoa ho ka ntlafatsa boleng ba phepo ea limela ka holimo haholo ho feta khanya ea monochromatic.

Ho eketsa leseli le khubelu kapa le leputsoa la LED ho ka fokotsa lihlahisoa tsa nitrate ka lettuce, ho eketsa leseli le leputsoa kapa le letala la LED ho ka khothalletsa ho bokella tsoekere e qhibilihang ka har'a lettuce, 'me ho eketsa leseli la infrared LED ho thusa ho bokella VC ka lettuce. Liphetho li bontšitse hore tlatsetso ea leseli le leputsoa e ka ntlafatsa litaba tsa VC le protheine e qhibilihang ea langa le le lej; khanya e khubelu le boputsoa bo bofubelu bo kopantsoeng bo ne bo ka khothalletsa tsoekere le asiti ea litholoana tsa tamati, 'me karolelano ea tsoekere ho ea ho asiti e ne e le e phahameng ka ho fetisisa tlas'a leseli le leputsoa le lefubelu le kopantsoeng; 'mala o moputsoa o mofubelu o kopantsoeng o ka ntlafatsa boleng ba VC ba litholoana tsa likomkomere.

The phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins le lintho tse ling tse litholoana le meroho ha li na tšusumetso ea bohlokoa feela 'mala, tatso le boleng ba thepa ea litholoana le meroho, empa hape li na le ts'ebetso ea tlhaho ea antioxidant,' me li ka thibela kapa tsa tlosa li-radicals mahala 'meleng oa motho ka katleho.

Ho sebelisa leseli le leputsoa la LED ho tlatselletsa leseli ho ka eketsa haholo litaba tsa anthocyanin tsa letlalo la eggplant ka 73.6%, ha ho sebelisoa lebone le lefubelu la LED le motsoako o mofubelu le o moputsoa ho ka eketsa litaba tsa flavonoids le phenols kaofela. Leseli le leputsoa le ka khothaletsa ho bokellana ha lycopene, flavonoids le anthocyanins litholoana tsa tamati. Ho kopana ha leseli le khubelu le le leputsoa ho khothalletsa tlhahiso ea li-anthocyanins ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, empa ho thibela motsoako oa flavonoids. Ha ho bapisoa le kalafo ea leseli le lesoeu, kalafo ea lebone le khubelu e ka eketsa haholo litaba tsa anthocyanin tsa letlobo la lettuce, empa kalafo e bobebe e putsoa e na le litaba tse tlase tsa anthocyanin. Kakaretso ea phenol ea lekhasi le letala, lekhasi le pherese le lettuce ea lekhasi le khubelu e ne e phahame ka tlas'a khanya e tšoeu, khanya e khubelu-putsoa e kopantsoeng le khanya ea lebone le leputsoa, ​​​​empa e ne e le e tlaase ka ho fetisisa tlas'a phekolo ea khanya e khubelu. Ho tlatselletsa leseli la ultraviolet la LED kapa leseli la lamunu ho ka eketsa litaba tsa metsoako ea phenolic makhasi a lettuce, athe ho eketsa leseli le letala ho ka eketsa litaba tsa anthocyanins. Ka hona, tšebeliso ea khanya ea LED ke mokhoa o atlehang oa ho laola boleng ba phepo e nepahetseng ea litholoana le meroho sebakeng sa temo ea horticultural.

Phello ea leseli la tlatsetso ea LED ho thibela botsofali ba limela

Ho senyeha ha chlorophyll, tahlehelo e potlakileng ea protheine le RNA hydrolysis nakong ea senescence ea semela haholo-holo e bonahatsoa e le senescence ea makhasi. Li-chloroplasts li ameha haholo ka liphetoho tse teng tikolohong ea khanya ea kantle, haholo-holo e anngoeng ke boleng ba khanya. Leseli le lefubelu, lebone le leputsoa le leseli le kopaneng le bofubelu bo boputsoa li loketse chloroplast morphogenesis, leseli le leputsoa le thusa ho bokelleng ha lijo-thollo tsa starch ka li-chloroplasts, 'me, leseli le khubelu le leseli le bofubelu bo hole li na le phello e mpe ho nts'etsopele ea chloroplast. Motsoako oa leseli le leputsoa le khanya e khubelu le e putsoa e ka khothaletsa motsoako oa chlorophyll makhasi a sethopo sa likomkomere, 'me motsoako oa leseli le khubelu le leputsoa le ona o ka liehisa ho fokotseha ha lekhasi la chlorophyll nakong ea morao. Phello ena e bonahala haholoanyane ka ho fokotseha ha karo-karolelano ea leseli le khubelu le ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea leseli le leputsoa. Likahare tsa chlorophyll tsa lipeo tsa likomkomere makhasi a tlas'a khanya ea LED e khubelu le e putsoa e kopantsoeng li ne li phahame haholo ho feta tse tlas'a taolo ea lebone la fluorescent le mekhoa ea phekolo ea khanya ea monochromatic e khubelu le e putsoa. Leseli le leputsoa la LED le ka eketsa haholo boleng ba chlorophyll a/b ea Wutacai le lipeo tsa konofolo e tala.

Nakong ea senescence, ho na le li-cytokinins (CTK), auxin (IAA), liphetoho tsa abscisic acid content (ABA) le liphetoho tse sa tšoaneng mosebetsing oa enzyme. Likahare tsa li-hormone tsa limela li angoa habonolo ke tikoloho e khanyang. Litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa leseli li na le litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa taolo ho lihormone tsa semela, 'me mehato ea pele ea tsela ea phetisetso ea lets'oao la leseli e kenyelletsa li-cytokinins.

CTK e khothalletsa ho atolosoa ha lisele tsa makhasi, e ntlafatsa photosynthesis ea makhasi, ha e ntse e thibela mesebetsi ea ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease le protease, 'me e liehisa ho senyeha ha li-nucleic acid, liprotheine le chlorophyll, kahoo e ka liehisa matla a makhasi. Ho na le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa taolo ea nts'etsopele ea leseli le CTK, 'me leseli le ka susumetsa keketseho ea maemo a sa feleng a cytokinin. Ha lithane tsa semela li le boemong ba senescence, litaba tsa tsona tsa tlhaho tsa cytokinin lia fokotseha.

IAA e tsepamisitsoe haholo-holo likarolong tsa kholo e matla, 'me ho na le lintho tse fokolang haholo liphatseng tsa lefutso kapa litho tsa' mele. Leseli la Violet le ka eketsa ts'ebetso ea indole acetic acid oxidase, 'me maemo a tlase a IAA a ka thibela ho hola le ho hola ha limela.

ABA e thehiloe haholo-holo ka mahlaku a makhasi a senescent, litholoana tse holileng, peo, stems, metso le likarolo tse ling. The ABA diteng tsa likomkomere le k'habeche tlas'a motsoako oa khubelu le putsoa leseli e ka tlaase ho feta e tšoeu leseli le putsoa leseli.

Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) ke tsa bohlokoa haholo le li-enzyme tse sireletsang tse amanang le khanya limeleng. Haeba limela li tsofala, mesebetsi ea li-enzyme tsena e tla fokotseha ka potlako.

Litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa leseli li na le litlamorao tse kholo mesebetsing ea enzyme ea antioxidant ea semela. Ka mor'a matsatsi a 9 a phekolo ea mabone a khubelu, mosebetsi oa APX oa lipeo tsa peto o ile oa eketseha haholo, 'me mosebetsi oa POD oa fokotseha. Ts'ebetso ea POD ea tamati kamora matsatsi a 15 a khanya e khubelu le leseli le leputsoa e ne e phahame ho feta ea leseli le lesoeu ka 20.9% le 11.7%, ka ho latellana. Kamora matsatsi a 20 a kalafo ea mabone a botala, ts'ebetso ea POD ea tamati e ne e le tlase, ke 55.4% feela ea leseli le lesoeu. Ho tlatselletsa leseli le leputsoa la 4h ho ka eketsa haholo protheine e qhibilihang, POD, SOD, APX, le mesebetsi ea enzyme ea CAT makhasing a likomkomere nakong ea ho mela. Ntle le moo, mesebetsi ea SOD le APX e fokotseha butle-butle ka ho lelefatsa ha leseli. Mosebetsi oa SOD le APX tlas'a leseli le leputsoa le khanya e khubelu e fokotseha butle empa e lula e phahame ho feta ea khanya e tšoeu. Mahlaseli a lebone le lefubelu a fokolitse haholo mesebetsi ea peroxidase le IAA peroxidase ea makhasi a tamati le IAA peroxidase ea makhasi a eggplant, empa a etsa hore tšebetso ea peroxidase ea makhasi a eggplant e eketsehe haholo. Ka hona, ho sebelisa leano le utloahalang la mabone a tlatsetso a LED ho ka liehisa senescence ea lijalo tsa temo le ho ntlafatsa chai le boleng.

Kaho le tšebeliso ea foromo ea leseli la LED

Kholo le nts'etsopele ea limela li angoa haholo ke boleng ba khanya le likarolo tsa eona tse fapaneng tsa sebopeho. Foromo ea leseli haholo-holo e kenyelletsa likarolo tse 'maloa tse kang karo-karolelano ea boleng ba khanya, matla a khanya le nako ea khanya. Kaha limela tse fapaneng li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng bakeng sa khanya le mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea kholo le nts'etsopele, motsoako o motle ka ho fetisisa oa boleng ba khanya, matla a khanya le nako ea tlatsetso ea khanya ea hlokahala bakeng sa lijalo tse lengoang.

 ◆Karolelano ea mabone a khanya

Ha ho bapisoa le khanya e tšoeu le khanya e le 'ngoe e khubelu le e putsoa, ​​motsoako oa khanya ea LED e khubelu le e putsoa e na le molemo o pharaletseng oa kholo le nts'etsopele ea lipeo tsa likomkomere le k'habeche.

Ha karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa e le 8: 2, botenya ba semela, bophahamo ba semela, boima bo omileng ba semela, boima bo bocha, index ea lipeo tse matla, joalo-joalo, li eketsehile haholo, hape ho molemo ho thehoeng ha matrix a chloroplast. basal lamella le tlhahiso ea litaba tsa assimilation.

Tšebeliso ea motsoako oa boleng bo bofubelu, bo botala le bo boputsoa bakeng sa mahlomela a linaoa tse khubelu a molemo ho bokella lintho tse omeletseng, 'me leseli le letala le ka khothalletsa ho bokellana ha lintho tse omeletseng tsa linaoa tse khubelu. Khōlo e bonahala haholo ha karolelano ea khanya e khubelu, e tala le e putsoa e le 6:2:1. Lehlomela la linaoa tse khubelu seedling hypocotyl elongation effect e bile molemo ka ho fetisisa tlas'a tekanyo e khubelu le e putsoa ea 8:1, 'me lehlomela la linaoa tse khubelu tsa hypocotyl ho hlakile hore le ne le thibetsoe tlas'a tekanyo e khubelu le e putsoa ea 6:3, empa protheine e qhibilihang. dikahare e ne e le tsona tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa.

Ha karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa e le 8:1 bakeng sa lipeo tsa loofah, palo e matla ea lipeo le tsoekere e qhibilihang ea lipeo tsa loofah ke tsona tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ha ho sebelisoa boleng bo bobebe bo nang le karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa ea 6:3, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, le protheine e qhibilihang ea lipeo tsa loofah e ne e le tsona tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa.

Ha u sebelisa tekanyo ea 3: 1 ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa ho celery, e ka khothalletsa ka katleho keketseho ea bophahamo ba semela sa celery, bolelele ba petiole, nomoro ea makhasi, boleng ba taba e omileng, VC content, protheine e qhibilihang le tsoekere e qhibilihang. Ka temo ea langa le le lej, ho eketsa karolo ea khanya e putsoa ea LED ho khothalletsa ho thehoa ha lycopene, li-amino acid le flavonoids, 'me ho eketsa karolo ea khanya e khubelu ho khothalletsa ho thehoa ha li-acid tse titratable. Ha leseli le nang le karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa ho lettuce makhasi ke 8: 1, ho molemo ho bokella carotenoids, 'me ka katleho ho fokotsa litaba tsa nitrate le ho eketsa litaba tsa VC.

 ◆Matla a khanyang

Limela tse ntseng li hōla ka tlas'a khanya e fokolang li kotsing ea photoinhibition ho feta tlas'a khanya e matla. Sekhahla sa photosynthetic sa lipeo tsa tamati se eketseha ka ho eketseha ha matla a khanya [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol/(m²·s)], ho bonts'a mokhoa oa ho qala ho eketseha ebe oa fokotseha, le ho 300μmol/(m²). ·s) ho fihlela boholo. Bophahamo ba semela, sebaka sa makhasi, metsi le VC ea lettuce li eketsehile haholo ka tlase ho 150μmol/(m²·s) kalafo ea matla a bobebe. Tlas'a 200μmol/(m²·s) kalafo ea matla a bobebe, boima bo bocha, boima bo felletseng le litaba tsa amino acid e sa lefelloeng li ile tsa eketseha haholo, mme tlasa kalafo ea 300μmol/(m²·s) matla a khanya, sebaka sa makhasi, metsi. , chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b le carotenoids ea lettuce kaofela li fokotsehile. Ha ho bapisoa le lefifi, ka keketseho ea khanya ea khanya ea LED [3, 9, 15 μmol/(m²·s)], litaba tsa chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, le chlorophyll a+b ea limela tsa linaoa tse ntšo li eketsehile haholo. Likahare tsa VC li holimo ho 3μmol/(m²·s), 'me protheine e qhibilihang, tsoekere e qhibilihang le li-sucrose li holimo ka ho fetisisa ho 9μmol/(m²·s). Tlas'a maemo a tšoanang a mocheso, ka ho eketseha ha matla a leseli [(2~2.5)lx×103 lx, (4~4.5)lx×103 lx, (6~6.5)lx×103 lx], nako ea ho mela ea lipeo tsa pepere. e khutsufalitsoe, litaba tsa tsoekere e qhibilihang li ile tsa eketseha, empa litaba tsa chlorophyll a le carotenoids li ile tsa fokotseha butle-butle.

 ◆Nako ea khanya

Ho lelefatsa nako ea khanya ka nepo ho ka fokotsa khatello ea leseli e tlase e bakoang ke matla a sa lekaneng a khanya ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ho thusa ho bokella lihlahisoa tsa li-photosynthetic tsa lijalo tsa horticultural, le ho fihlela phello ea ho eketsa chai le ho ntlafatsa boleng. Likahare tsa VC tsa limela li bonts'itse mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha butle-butle ka ho lelefatsa ha nako ea leseli (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h / letsatsi), ha litaba tsa mahala tsa amino acid, SOD le mesebetsi ea CAT kaofela li bonts'a mokhoa o ntseng o fokotseha. Ka ho lelefatsa ha nako ea leseli (12, 15, 18h), boima bo bocha ba limela tsa k'habeche ea China bo ile ba eketseha haholo. Litaba tsa VC makhasi le mahlaka a k'habeche ea Sechaena e ne e le tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho 15 le 12h, ka ho latellana. Liprotheine tse qhibilihang ka har'a makhasi a k'habeche ea China li ile tsa fokotseha butle-butle, empa mahlaka a ne a le holimo ka ho fetisisa ka mor'a lihora tse 15. Tsoekere e qhibilihang ka har'a makhasi a k'habeche ea China e ile ea eketseha butle-butle, athe mahlaka a ne a le holimo ka ho fetisisa ka 12h. Ha karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa e le 1: 2, ha e bapisoa le nako ea khanya ea 12h, phekolo ea leseli la 20h e fokotsa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea phenols le li-flavonoids ka lettuce le tala la lekhasi, empa ha karo-karolelano ea khanya e khubelu le e putsoa e le 2: 1, kalafo e bobebe ea 20h e ile ea eketsa haholo litaba tse amanang le phenols le flavonoids ka lettuce la makhasi a matala.

Ho tsoa ka holimo, ho ka bonoa hore liforomo tse fapaneng tsa leseli li na le litlamorao tse fapaneng ho photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis le metabolism ea carbon le nitrogen ea mefuta e fapaneng ea lijalo. Mokhoa oa ho fumana mokhoa o motle ka ho fetisisa oa leseli, tlhophiso ea mohloli o bobebe le ho theha maano a bohlale a taolo e hloka hore mefuta ea limela e be sebaka sa ho qala, 'me, ho lokela ho etsoa litokiso tse nepahetseng ho latela litlhoko tsa thepa ea lijalo tsa temo, sepheo sa tlhahiso, lintlha tsa tlhahiso, joalo-joalo. ho fihlela sepheo sa taolo e bohlale ea tikoloho e bobebe le lijalo tsa temo tsa lipalesa tsa boleng bo holimo le tse behang haholo tlas'a maemo a ho boloka matla.

Mathata le litebello tse teng

Monyetla o moholo oa khanya ea khanya ea LED ke hore e ka etsa liphetoho tse bohlale tsa motsoako ho latela bongata ba tlhokahalo ea litšobotsi tsa photosynthetic, morphology, boleng le chai ea limela tse fapaneng. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lijalo le linako tse fapaneng tsa kholo ea sejalo se le seng kaofela li na le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa boleng ba khanya, matla a khanya le photoperiod. Sena se hloka nts'etsopele le ntlafatso e eketsehileng ea lipatlisiso tsa foromo ea leseli ho theha polokelo ea boitsebiso e kholo ea liforomo tsa leseli. Ho kopantsoe le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mabone a litsebi, boleng bo phahameng ba mabone a tlatsetso ea LED lits'ebetsong tsa temo bo ka phethahala, e le ho boloka matla hantle, ho ntlafatsa katleho ea tlhahiso le melemo ea moruo. Ts'ebeliso ea khanya ea LED sebakeng sa temo ea limela e bonts'itse matla a maholo, empa theko ea lisebelisoa kapa lisebelisoa tsa mabone a LED e batla e phahame, 'me matsete a nako e le' ngoe a maholo. Litlhoko tsa khanya ea tlatsetso ea lijalo tse fapaneng tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a tikoloho ha li hlake, mabone a mabone a tlatsetso, Matla a sa utloahaleng le nako ea khanya e tla baka mathata a fapaneng ts'ebelisong ea indasteri ea mabone.

Leha ho le joalo, ka tsoelo-pele le ntlafatso ea theknoloji le phokotso ea litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea khanya ea LED, mabone a tlatsetso a LED a tla sebelisoa haholo holima temo ea limela. Ka nako e ts'oanang, nts'etsopele le nts'etsopele ea sistimi ea mabone a tlatsetso ea leseli la LED le ho kopanya matla a macha ho tla etsa hore nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea sebaka sa temo, temo ea malapa, temo ea litoropong le sebaka sa temo ea sebaka se fihlelle tlhoko ea batho ea lijalo tsa temo ea limela libakeng tse ikhethileng.